Permutation-lock



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Patented Sept. 20, 1887.

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(Model.)

M. L. HARRIS.

PBRMUTATION LOCK.

No. 370,056. Patented Sept. y20, 1887.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MALCOLM L. HARRIS, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

PERMUTATlON-LOCK.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 370,056, dated September 20, 1887.

Application filed May l0, i887. Serial No. 237,673. (Model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, MALCOLM L. HARRIs, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ghicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illi nois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Permutation-Locks,of which the following is a description.

The object of my invention is to obtain a loc-k ofthe character named in which the handle turning into position the several slotted permutationwheels commonly used in such locks may be and is utilized for turning back the bolts locking the door on which my improved lock is placed, dispensing with the handle heretofore attached directly to said bolts, and to construct a lock which shall lock said bolts in position when they are so placed as to lock the door, independent, to a certain extent, as is hereinafter more fully described, of the slotted permutationwheels, the spindle, and the handle by which said wheels and spindle and said bolts locking the door are operated; and, further, to secure a lock which will present extremely difficult, if not insurmountable, obstacles to the unlocking thereof by any person or persons attempting to operate the said lock by otherthan the turning of the slotted permutation wheels into proper position by the handle in the spindle on which are placed said wheels.

I have illustrated my invention by the drawings accompanying this specification and forming a part hereof, in which-- Figure 1 is a plan of the lock viewed from the back,with the back plate of the box inclosing the working parts of the lock removed, and illustrating the bolts locking the door thrown into a locked position and locked in such position by bolts, hereinafter fully described. Fig. 2 is a plan of the lock viewed as in Fig. l, with the locking-bolts thrown into position to lock the door and there locked, the same as in Fig. l, but with the several slotted permutation-wheels in such position that any further movement of the spindle on which said wheels are loosely placed (with a sleeve interposed between all but one of said wheels and said spindle) will unlock the bolts, so that they may be thrown back and the door unlocked. Fig. 3 is a cross-section on line 3 3 of Fig. l. Fig. fl is aplan of the slotted permutation-wheel coming nearest the door when pivoted to a cross-bar, hereinafter described,

and when all of the said slots in such wheels are in line the end of said larger lever resting thereon is allowed to drop into the position illustrated in Fig. 2.

Like letters refer to-likc parts throughout the several views.

X is the door to which my lock is attached.

Y is the case inclosing the slotted permutation-wheels and a portion ofthe other working parts of the lock. y

A is aspindlepassingloosely through sleeve a', secured to the door. One of the several slotted permutation-wheels and a cam are fastened to the spindle. The others of the slotted pern1utation-wheels turn loosely on the sleeve.

B is the cam, secured to the extreme inner end of spindle A by a screwthread to prevent the spindle being pulled from said cam, and by a key, C, that they may turn in unison.

D is a permutation-wheel turning loosely on sleeve a.

d is a slot or groove in wheel D. This slot or groove does not extend through the wheel D, a thin facing being left on the side of the said wheel D nearer the door.

E is a slotted permutation-wheel, also turning loosely on sleeve a', and e is said slot in the wheel E.

F is a slotted permutation-wheel placed loosely on sleeve a', having slot f therein.

Each side of the several slots d e f is parallel to a radius of said wheels D E F, passing through the center of said slots, respectively.

G is a wheel secured to spindle A and rotating therewith. Wheel G has slot gg therein. That portion of said slot lettered g is the are of a circle having a radius equal tothe distance from the center of said wheel to the inner edge of said slot. The portion of the slot lettered g extends from one end of that part of the slot lettered g to the periphery of said wheel Gr.

'Permutation-wheels D E are of the same diarneteri Wheels F and G are slightly larger in diameter than are wheels D E, and are of equal diameter. y Y

H is a leverpivoted on cross-bar I at point or pivot h. This cross-bar I connects bolts J J, being secured to both of the said bolts. Longitudinal motion in bolts J J is obtained by the lateral movement of cross-bar I.

h is a pin or bolt in the free end of lever H, and this pin h rests upon the periphery of the slotted permutation-wheels F and G in the ordinary manner when the door is locked and the several slotted permutation-wheels thrown into what may be termed a locked positionthat is to say, when the several slots in said wheels are so scattered as not to allow the pin h to enter into said slots-it being necessary, ofcourse, that the=slots in said wheels be al1 in line before the pin h can enter any onefof said slots. As the wheelsF G, on which the pin h rests, are vslightly larger, -as described, than are wheels D E, lthe weight :of the free end of the lever His not borne by either'of saidvwheels D E, and-therefore the posit-ion of the slots d ein wheels D E cannot be told or felt by the manipulation of lhandle on the spindle A.

Wheels D E are actuated in `the ordinary manner of actuating permutation-wheels in locks of this character; but the :pin moving wheel E is driven in 'wheel G and passes through slot f in wheel F, extending beyond the face of said wheel F su'f-cientlyto impinge against wheel E or a Jpin yor groovetherein. Slotj" is long enough to give a sufficient difference in the movement vofwheels F a'nd G, and lmay be made adjustable by constructing the wheel F so that theslot maybe varied vor changed in length, one end of said slot being thereby placed Yin different position on said wheel F relative to slot f therein. -Slotf is indicated by dotted lines on Fig. l.

K is a secondaryv lever .pivoted atpointkon lever H. Lever K isslightlyenlargedat the inner or free end, and may be made -to partially rotate on pivot 7c by theVV action ofcam B and the movement of `leverJEI, as Ais Vhereinafter described. Y i

Lis a wheel forming'a double rightan'gle lever,pivoted on cross-barl and turning freely around pivot or center Z.

Z' is a pin on wheel L, placed in vsuch position that when the bolts -J -J are locked 'by means of the bolts on said cross-bari, herein-v after described, into a position locking :the door, the said pin Z -is over, or nearly so, pivot h on said cross-bar. Pin Z', rlast described, `is a pivot on which is placed connectingrod-IM, pivoted at its yother end on pin m inl'secondary lever K.

N vN are connecting-rods, secured atone end to lwheel L and at the other endto bolts O O.

P Pare cleats fastened to door X, having holes or mortises therein, into which bolts OV O are pushed, thus locking -crossfbar I lfrom lateral movement.

Pivots h "and Z being over each otherfor nearly so, when the bolts YJ J are thrown into position locking the door, and locked in such position by bolts O O in cleats P P, vany movement of levers H and K thereon around pivots h l will not change the relative position of said levers K and H.

The method of operation of my improved permutation-lock is: The door to which the lock is attached is locked by throwing the bolts J J into the position indicatedin Fig. 1,

`and said bolts J J are locked inV such position by bolts O O on cross-barI being thrown into holes or mortises in cleats P P. vCleats P P are secured to door X. By getting the several slots in permutation-,wheels D E F into line by the alternate right and left movement of spindle A in the ordinary way, Wheel G, secured to spindle A. may then be turnedto the left, as viewed in Figs. 1 and 2, and lever H, orthe free end thereof, in which is placed pin h', will drop into the slots d cf 0n said wheels D E F, andas said pin h drops into said slots it is grasped by slot g gf on wheelG and locked in such position. rThis slot g g also prevents the pin h from dropping suddenly, it being allowedv to drop only so fast as wheelGis turned. When this wheel G'has been turned so that pin 71, -is 'in the portion of the slot g g lettered g. or just entering that part of the slot, any further rotation of said wheel will cause no movement in pinh; This .position of wh'eel G and lever H K, pin hon lever Hfand head K on lever upper faceof the cam B comes in contact with the lower surface of said head K of secondary lever K, and further rotation of wheel G. spindle A. and Acam B will turn said lever K on pivot 7c into the position indicated by theldotted linesoutlining said lever K in Fig. 2. A

partial revolution of wheel L is thus produced, and Ybolts-O O are ywithdrawn from cleats P.v P. A ylateral movement may be given cross-bar- I, anda longitudinal motion thus imparted bolts J J. This vlongitudinal movement in bolts J J is 'obtained by the forward yface of cam -Bv coming in contact with pin h in the further forward motion-of wheel G. The'face b of cam B is of such shapethatas levers -H Klare moved longitudinally, or-nearly so, by said cam -B the relative position of said levers vremains un changed. 'Dheidoor is thus unlocked. To lock the door itis -o'nly necessary to throw spindle Aand -camB, secured thereon, tothe right,

as viewed i'nFgs. land l2.when1the boltsJ `J are first ithrown :into a position vlocking the doorby the `then forward face of said cam B coming in contact with face-b' of'leverH. After theboltsJ Jare thus thrown into position the further turning of the spindle Aandcam 'B ywill raise `that end of lever H in `which is placed pin h into ythe position indicated in Fig. l. As the inner or free end of lever H israisedby pinv h in slotg g', as last above described, the upper face ofthe secondary lever K-is ybrought in contact with the 4inner upper face of box Y inclosing'the same. A partial rotary movement of said lever K is thus imparted it on pivot la, a rotary'motion given yKis,intimated by Fig. 2, and atthis time the IOO wheel L, and the bolts O O thrown into l cleats P P. I

It is evident that no longitudinal movement can be imparted to bolts J J so long as the i bolts O O are in cleats P P, and it is also evident that the destruction of the slotted permul tation-wheels and cam B, as by the withdrawal I of spindle A from the door, would in no way tend to release said bolts O O from said cleats P P, and therefore said spindle A may be withi drawn without placing the locks so that bolts J J may be turned back and the door unlocked. Moreover, the spindle A being withdrawn,all means for withdrawing said bolts J J are gone, as are also all means of withdrawing bolts O O, locking said bolts J J in posil tion. The peculiar movement required in head K of lever K as compared with the movement of pin 7L on lever H is such that upon the withdrawal of said spindle A from the several slotted permutation-wheels and the cam it will be extremely difficult, if not impossible, to withdraw bolts O O from cleats P P sufficiently to unlock them therefrom.

Havingthus described my invention and its method of operation, what I claim, and desire r to secure by Letters Patent, is

l. In a permutation-lock, a spindle with a r handle thereon, said spindle passing loosely through a sieeve, a cam, and a permutationi wheel secured to said spindle, said Wheelhavinga slot therein extending from the periphery g thereof around and toward its center, in coml bination with a lever resting at one end on said permutation-wheel and actuated by said wheel and cam, and pivoted at the other end on a cross-bar connecting bolts moving longitudinally in standards secured to the door to which the lock is attached, allsubstantially as described.

2. In a permutation-lock, a spindle passing through a sleeve, slotted permutation-wheels turning loosely on said sleeve, and a slotted permutationwheel and a cam secured to said spindle, in combination with a lever attached to a cross-bar connecting bolts having a longitudinal movement in standards secured to l the door on which the lock is placed, the free end of said lever resting on said permutationwheels or one or more of said wheels, asecond lever pivoted on said iirst-named lever, one end of said second lever actuating bolts on said cross-bar and the other end of said second lever, together with the free end of said firstnamed lever, actuated by the cam and wheel secured to said spindle, all substantially as de- I y spindle, one end of said lever being pivoted 5 on a cross-bar having .a lateral motion and actuating bolts moving longitudinallyin standards secured to the door to which the lock is attached, all substantially as described.

4. In a permutationdock, a spindle passing loosely through a sleeve, slotted permutationwheels turning loosely on said sleeve, a permutation-wheel secured to the spindle, a cam, also secured to the spindle, one or more of said slotted permutationwheels being larger than the other or others thereof, in combination with a lever pivoted at one end to a cross-bar connecting bolts looking the door to which the lock is attached, and said lever resting at the other end on the larger of said slotted wheels by a pin, which pin is fitted to drop into the several slots in all of said wheels when said slots are brought into position, all substantially as described, and for the purpose set forth.

MALCOLM L. HARRIS. 

